Background. We evaluated the prevalence and clustering pattern of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related lifestyle factors and their\r\nassociation with CVD among patients with type 2 diabetes. We also examined the association of these factors with various sociodemographic\r\ncharacteristics. Methods. A total of 1000 patients with type 2 diabetes were interviewed in a cross-sectional, multicenter\r\nstudy in out-patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. Results. In this study 30.3% study participants had CVD. Majority of the\r\npatients were physically inactive and had adverse psychosocial factors. Forty percent of the study participants were exposed to\r\npassive smoking while 12.7% were current smokers. Only 8.8% of study subjects had none of the studied lifestyle factor, 27.5%\r\nhad one, while 63.7% had two or three factors. CVDs were independently associated with physical inactivity, adverse psychosocial\r\nfactors, passive smoking and clustering of two or three lifestyle factors. Physical inactivity was more prevalent among females\r\nand patients with no/less education. Proportion of adverse psychosocial factors were higher among females, elders and patients\r\nwith no/less education. Clustering of these lifestyle factors was significantly higher among females, elderly and no/less educated\r\npatients. Conclusion. These results suggest the need of comprehensive and integrated interventions to reduce the prevalence of\r\nlifestyle factors.
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